What is the name of the survey conducted to determine the horizontal and vertical position of points forming part of a geodetic network or project controls over an area?

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Establishing a framework of known coordinates for a geodetic network or project controls is done through a control survey. This type of survey precisely determines the horizontal positions (and elevations) of key points so they can serve as reference points across the area, providing a reliable basis for all subsequent mapping, layout, and construction work. With these known coordinates, every other measurement can be tied back to the same network, ensuring consistency and accuracy. A projection map is simply a way of representing the area on a flat plane, a cadastral map shows land ownership boundaries, and a monument is a physical reference mark used during surveying—not the survey type itself.